Description: The Citicoline Sodium is also called Choline hydroxide, 5'-ester with cytidine 5'-(sodium dihydrogen diphosphate), inner salt. The Citicoline Sodium appears colorless transparent liquid in water, insoluble organic solvent such as ethanol and acetone. Citicoline Sodium is used for acute skull and brain injuries and dysfunction of consciousness after cerebric surgery. It can recover gradually limb function because of hemiplegia resulted from stroke. It also can be used for disturbance of function and consciousness resulted from central nervous system acute injury. In addition, it is also used for ischemic cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia.

Pharmacological effects: The neuroprotective effects exhibited by citicoline may be due to its preservation of cardiolipin and sphingomyelin, preservation of arachidonic acid content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, partial restoration of phosphatidylcholine levels, and stimulation of glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity. Citicoline’s effects may also be explained by the reduction of phospholipase A2 activity. Citicoline increases phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The brain prefers to use choline to synthesize acetylcholine. This limits the amount of choline available to synthesize phosphatidylcholine. When the availability of choline is low or the need for acetylcholine increases, phospholipids containing choline can be catabolized from neuronal membranes. These phospholipids include sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. Supplementation with citicoline can increase the amount of choline available for acetylcholine synthesis and aid in rebuilding membrane phospholipid stores after depletion. Citicoline decreases phospholipase stimulation. This can lower levels of hydroxyl radicals produced after an ischemia and prevent cardiolipin from being catabolized by phospholipase A2. It can also work to restore cardiolipin levels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Citicoline enhances cellular communication by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Citicoline increases glucose metabolism in the brain and cerebral blood flow. Citicoline reduces oxidative stress. It also prevents excessive inflammatory response in the brain by inhibiting the release of free fatty acids and decreasing blood–brain barrier breakdown. Citicoline lowers increased glutamate concentrations and raises decreased ATP concentrations induced by ischemia. Citicoline also increases glutamate uptake by increasing expression of EAAT2, a glutamate transporter, in vitro in rat astrocytes. It is suggested that the neuroprotective effects of citicoline after a stroke are due in part to citicoline’s ability to decrease levels of glutamate in the brain.

Pharmacokinetics: Citicoline is water-soluble， a majority of the citicoline is excreted as CO2 in respiration, and again 24 hours after ingestion, where the remaining citicoline is excreted through urine.

Indications: The offered product is used for the treatment of disturbance of consciousness associated with the head injury. It promotes the rehabilitation of the upper extremities in the patients with hemiplegia.

Adverse reaction: Citicoline Sodium and Sodium Chloride Injection has a very low toxicity profile in animals and humans. Minor transient adverse effects are rare and most commonly include stomach pain and diarrhea.